Out-Given-In
The first function we will examine is the Out-Given-In which is used to calculate what you will receive based on what you are willing to sell. For example, if you know you will sell or spend a given amount of a token, we can calculate what tokens you will receive in return. Hence what amount you will get out, given what amount you put in; based upon the traits of the pool the trade is routed through.
Let’s look at a very common trade, we will consider trading WETH for BAL. We have intentions of trading 2.5 WETH for the maximum amount of BAL possible. We will look at two possible pools we can route through to mimic what the Smart Order Router is doing under the hood of the Balancer Protocol to make sure users receive the best possible deal.
The two pools we will consider are the 80/20 (0.05%) and 50/50 (0.1%) BAL/WETH pools. At the time of writing, they hold the following balances.
| Pool (Wo / Wi) | WETH Balance (Bi) | BAL Balance (Bo) |
|---|---|---|
(Please note these are excluding swap fees)
First, we will calculate the amount out for the potential 80/20 pool interaction
Next, we will determine the amount of BAL we would receive if interacting with the 50/50 pool
We can see here the SOR would direct us to the 80/20 pool for our swap to be executed, because it benefits us as the user to receive as much BAL as possible. If another pool exists which would give the trader even more BAL, that route would be executed. See the Smart Order Router section for an example of trade optimization routing through multiple pools as opposed to one. Please note the example above would yield the optimal number of BAL for a user if the trade was routed through both pools depending on the gas price.
80/20
6,005.3009
5,315,514
50/50
135.9922
30,158
Out-Given-In
One may raise the point that Balancer pools have fixed or dynamic swap fees and can be controlled by the pool owner(s). Therefore, it is possible that the best pool will change if the swap fee is considered, and a trader receives less BAL by paying the swap fee. To take the swap fee into account we will plug in an alternative value (Ai’) for the amount in (Ai) variable in the
At the time of writing the swap fee for the 80/20 pool is 0.05% and the 50/50 pool’s is 0.1%. Clearly with a lower fee and already higher yield, the 80/20 pool will remain the best route for traders yielding the following:
However, an optimization for pool holders can be made to increase the swap fee to the point where their pool is just slightly more favorable for traders. In this case the trader gets the best deal still while the liquidity provider is optimizing the market in their favor. This is outside the scope of the Out-Given-In Equation as the amount in and out will be known values while the swap fee will be an unknown value. Here is how our equation would look if we were to solve for Swap Fee.
We can now solve for the maximum swap fee the BAL/WETH 80/20 pool could have had set. This maximum fee correlates to the value at which the Amount Out for the Amount In would be competitive with the market and maximize swap fees collected by liquidity providers. To do this we will back calculate the swap fee at which the 80/20 could have had by using the 50/50 pools benchmark for amount out. All values are the pool traits of the 80/20, only the amount of (Ao) will be based on the prior 50/50 pool calculations.
Please note this a dynamic circumstance and the swap fees should be optimized over a longer period. Once a swap is executed the optimal swap fee will change due to the price impact a pool undergoes caused by a swap. Furthermore, pools on every decentralized exchange are competing for rates with lower swap fees and varying liquidity depths. This example is meant to be an introduction to how liquidity depth, relative prices, and fees are related.
